Everything about Kurt Schneider totally explained
» This article is about the German psychiatrist. For the World War I ace, see Kurt Schneider (aviator). For the midget actor, also known as Harry Earles, see The Doll Family.
Kurt Schneider (
7 January 1887 –
27 October 1967) was a
German psychiatrist known largely for his writing on the
diagnosis and understanding of
schizophrenia.
Biography
Schneider was born in
Crailsheim,
Kingdom of Württemberg, and trained in
medicine in
Berlin and
Tübingen. He was drafted for military service in
World War I and later obtained a postgraduate qualification in
psychiatry. In 1931 he became director of the Psychiatric Research Institute in
Munich, which was previously founded by
Emil Kraepelin.
Disgusted by the developing tide of psychiatric
eugenics championed by the
Nazi Party, Schneider left the institute and served as an army doctor during
World War II. After the war, anti-Nazi academics were appointed to serve in, and rebuild Germany's medical institutions and Schneider was given the post of Dean of the Medical School at
Heidelberg University. Schneider kept this post until his retirement in 1955.
Contributions to Psychiatry
Schneider was concerned with improving the method of diagnosis in psychiatry. Like
Karl Jaspers, he particularly championed diagnoses based on the form, rather than the content of a sign or symptom. For example, he argued that a
delusion shouldn't be diagnosed by the content of the belief, but by the way in which a belief is held.
First-rank symptoms
He was also concerned with differentiating
schizophrenia from other forms of
psychosis, by listing the psychotic symptoms that are particularly characteristic of schizophrenia. These have become known as Schneiderian First-Rank Symptoms or simply, first-rank symptoms.
These were:
- Audible thoughts
- Voices heard arguing
- Voices heard commenting on one's actions
- Experience of influences playing on the body
- Thought withdrawal
- Thought insertion - Thoughts are ascribed to other people who intrude their thoughts upon the patient
- Thought diffusion (also called thought broadcast)
- Delusional perception
The reliability of using first-rank symptoms for the diagnosis of schizophrenia has since been questioned, although the terms might still be used descriptively by mental health professionals who don't use them as diagnostic aids.
A memory device that's frequently used to remember the first rank symptoms
is
ABCD:
Auditory hallucinations,
Broadcasting of thought,
Controlled thought (delusions of control),
Delusional perception.
Further Information
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